It’s me, Professor Kosugi.

 

In this lecture I’m going to talk about the recorded remains of civilizations.

 

Through tangible evidence such as historic sites and documents, it is said that these civilizations did indeed exist.

 

The most famous are “The Four Great Civilizations” known as the Egyptian civilization, Mesopotamian civilization, Chinese civilization and Indus civilization. These are just rough classifications and include the various smaller civilizations as well.

 

The reason they’re called “The Four Great Civilizations” is not only because of their scale and size but also because they’re some of the oldest civilizations. It can be also said that they’re the origin of of the cultures and societies that today inhabit Europe, Middle East, India and China.

 

However, though difficult to explain, this is simply from the point of view of Anglo-Saxons. I’m sure there were older and also many advanced civilizations from ancient times that don’t exist as a large country to present day.

 

Those would include the Celtic civilization, which was known to have originated in the year of our Lord, the Mayan, Aztec, and Teotihuacan civilizations in Mexico; the Incan, Sican, and Chavin civilizations in South America and the Angkor monuments in Cambodia.

 

Others would be the Jomon civilization in Japan which was advanced and flourished more than 10,000 years ago as well as the Dogon tribe in Republic of Mali and the undecipherable words such as rongo-rongo on Easter Island. Furthermore, there are continents which are left with nothing but lore, like the lost continent of Mu and Atlantis, so it’s possible to say that there is no way to determine what is the oldest in the world.

 

Of all the civilizations mentioned, it is not clearly known how or when they started, nor how they ended. There little physical evidence.

 

The Pyramid, for instance, a large and advanced architecture–of which we have no idea how it was built–remains. Further questions arise because, in order to obtain such advanced techniques, it would’ve been much earlier in time than theorized.

 

Anyhow, I’m certain it cannot be answered since modern people think in such a linear manner. Although archeology has many gaps, there is a way to research using your imagination much in the way my family does, but I’ll save that for the next lecture.

 

Lemeza Kosugi.